I think it is old. It is a rimfire cartridge case and I'm thinking Spenser Rifle, A War to Prevent Southern Independence era firearm, prominent as "the rifle you could load on Sunday and shoot all week", in other words an early repeating rifle. I believe President Lincoln, himself, tested the rifle on the White House grounds to green light it for production for military use.
The base on that cartridge case is around the same size as your thumbnail and is really pretty beat up. Almost looks like the cartridge case was rotated around within the firing chamber to try to find a spot that would detonate with a firing pin impact. If so, that is pretty whacky!